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Stupa Zurmala

Perched in the northeast corner of the ancient ruins of Termez, Uzbekistan, the Stupa Zurmala stands as a silent sentinel to a bygone era. This towering Buddhist monument, reaching a height of 12 meters, offers a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Central Asia’s religious and cultural history.

Constructed during the Kushan era, dating back to the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, the Stupa Zurmala emerged at a time when Buddhism held sway over the hearts and minds of the region’s inhabitants. Like its counterparts across Central and South-East Asia, the stupa served as a symbol of Buddha’s death and burial, representing a sacred nexus between earth and sky.

The site of Ancient Termez, situated approximately 10 kilometers west of the modern city, boasts a wealth of ancient Buddhist structures that once dotted its pastoral landscape. Over the centuries, the Stupa Zurmala gradually succumbed to the ravages of time, its once-proud form reduced to little more than a shapeless mound of clay. Despite its weathered exterior, however, the stupa retained its spiritual significance for the people of the region, a silent witness to the ebb and flow of human history.

Excavations at Zurmala have revealed the architectural brilliance of this ancient monument. Originally resting on a podium adorned with white stone slabs, the stupa soared to a height of over 16 meters, its cylindrical tower constructed of mud brick and crowned with a domed roof. Adorned with “umbrellas of honor” attached to a central rod, the stupa’s upper chamber served as a reliquary, housing precious Buddhist scriptures, statues, or relics.

The vibrant red hue that once graced the exterior of the stupa hinted at its former glory, a testament to the reverence with which it was held by generations of devotees. Despite the passage of centuries, the Stupa Zurmala continues to evoke a sense of awe and wonder, inviting visitors to ponder the mysteries of its ancient past.

The discovery of Stupa Zurmala in the early 20th century marked a significant milestone in the study of Buddhism in Central Asia. Identified as the first Buddhist monument unearthed in the region, its significance was quickly recognized by scholars such as A. Strelkov, who participated in scientific expeditions to the Museum of Oriental Cultures.

In total, approximately 40 Buddhist monuments have been discovered and studied across Central Asia, with half of them located within the borders of modern-day Uzbekistan. Each of these ancient structures serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in the region, offering invaluable insights into the spiritual and cultural heritage of Termez and beyond.

As visitors stand in the shadow of the Stupa Zurmala, they are transported back in time to an age of enlightenment and reverence. Amidst the tranquil ruins of Ancient Termez, the stupa stands as a silent sentinel, beckoning travelers to embark on a journey of discovery and reflection amidst the echoes of centuries past.