The Arab Muhammad-khan Madrasah, an ancient educational institution in Khiva, holds a distinguished status among the architectural wonders of this historic city. Situated at the heart of Ichan-Kala, adjacent to the later-built Madrasah of Muhammad Aminkhan, it stands as a testament to the cultural and scholarly richness of Khiva. Commissioned by the Shaybanid ruler Arab-Muhammadhan in honor of Khiva becoming the capital of the Khorezm State, this madrasah embodies centuries of history.
Arab Muhammad-khan, a prominent figure in Khorezm’s history, ruled from 1603 to 1621, leaving an indelible mark on the region. During his reign, Khiva flourished into one of Central Asia’s most beautiful cities, rivaling the grandeur of Bukhara and Samarkand. His visionary initiatives included the construction of madrasahs, mosques, and civic structures, some of which still stand today as fragments of Khiva’s storied past.
In 1616, commemorating Khiva’s newfound status as the Khorezm State capital, Arab-Muhammad commissioned the construction of a madrasah for the city’s residents. The existing structure replaced a smaller madrasah initially built by a notable female figure from Khiva. Arab-Muhammad acquired this building along with the adjacent lands.
The original madrasah was a single-story brick edifice with a rectangular footprint, featuring a traditional entrance portal adorned with Quranic inscriptions. Corner minarets graced the building, and within its confines, khujdrs (student living quarters) and a mosque provided spaces for study and prayer. Over time, the madrasah underwent multiple renovations and reconstructions.
In 1838, due to decay, Khorezm ruler Allakulikhan initiated a comprehensive rebuilding effort, aligning with the architectural norms of late Khorezm. The madrasah was expanded with the addition of a second level, increasing the number of khudjrs and classrooms. Alterations were made to the portal, resulting in the structure that stands today—a testament to both Arab-Muhammad’s vision and later restoration efforts.
Today, the Arab Muhammad-khan Madrasah stands as a cherished attraction, drawing visitors from around the globe. Its timeless architecture, rich history, and cultural significance make it a captivating destination within the ancient city of Khiva.