Namangan

Namangan, the capital of the Namangan Region in Uzbekistan, holds a rich history dating back to the 15th century. It is the third largest city in Uzbekistan by population and size, after Tashkent and Samarkand. Situated in the northern part of the Ferghana Valley, Namangan’s origins trace to a settlement for local salt miners. Its historical name, derived from Persian as “salty spear,” reflects its origins as a salt mining settlement. 

The city was founded at the end of the 15th century and began to be mentioned in manuscripts by the late 15th century. The city gained prominence in 1610 when it became known as Namangan. Ten years later, the indigenous population of Aksikent emigrated to Namangan following a devastating earthquake. By the middle of the 18th century, Namangan had become the administrative center of the province (viloyat).

In 1875, Namangan became part of Russia, leading to the establishment of a new city layout. The new city was separated from the old part by a fortress, with streets laid out in a semicircle. By the early 20th century, Namangan had become the second most populous city and a major center for cotton processing in the Fergana Valley, ranking third in size in the country after Tashkent and Samarkand.

Today, Namangan is known for its development as a center for light and food industries. The city boasts green orchards and parks, offering a pleasant environment for residents and visitors alike. Nearby, the ruins of the ancient city of Aksikent can be explored. Archaeological research indicates that Aksikent was a thriving city with a citadel, strong fortifications, and a well-developed trade and handicraft production sector. Aksikent served as the capital of the Fergana Valley until its destruction by the Mongols. The city was later destroyed again in the 17th century by a powerful earthquake.

In ancient times, Namangan was a city of artisans, with potters, weavers, doctors, blacksmiths, painters, jewelers, and fabric dyers flourishing here. The city had trade routes with China, Bukhara, and neighboring nomadic tribes. During the rule of the khans, Namangan was repeatedly raided and attacked due to its geographical location and thriving trade.