Situated in the southern part of the Fergana Valley, Margilan is a city steeped in antiquity, with a past intricately intertwined with the legendary Silk Road. In 2007, Uzbekistan celebrated the 2000th anniversary of Margilan, adding another illustrious chapter to the city’s rich historical narrative.
Margilan’s origins are deeply rooted in the history of the Silk Road. While the exact founding date may not be attributed to this ancient trade route, the Silk Road undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping Margilan’s identity as a center of silk production and a guardian of its ancient secrets. As early as the 10th century, Margilan emerged as a prominent city in the Ferghana Valley, renowned for its silk products that were coveted in both the East and the West. The city’s silk, including the famous khan-atlas, was exported along the Silk Road routes to Baghdad, Kashgar, Khurasan, Egypt, and Greece, establishing Margilan as a key player in the silk trade. Even today, Margilan is hailed as the silk capital of Uzbekistan, producing exquisite khan-atlas woven and dyed by hand using ancient techniques. The city’s embroidery, including Suzanis and skullcaps, showcases the intricate beauty of Margilan’s silk fabrics.
Legend has it that Margilan derived its name from an encounter with Alexander the Great. Upon hearing of Alexander’s impending visit, the locals prepared a feast, including a dish of chicken and bread. When asked about the name of the dish, the elder replied “Murginon,” meaning “chicken and bread.” Impressed by the hospitality, Alexander named the area “Murginon,” which evolved into Margilan.
In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Margilan flourished as one of the major cities in the Ferghana Valley. It was the birthplace of Zahireddin Bobur, a great-grandson of Tamerlane, who went on to establish the Mughal Empire in India. Bobur fondly recalled Margilan in his work “Bobur-name,” praising its fruit orchards, sweet pomegranates, and dried apricots. Margilan was also known for its Sogdian people, renowned for their farming and horse breeding skills, as well as its exquisite khan-atlas with vibrant arabesques.
For over three centuries, from 1598 to 1876, Margilan was part of the Kokand Khanate. Later, it became a district town under Russian rule. In the late 19th century, Margilan was a fortified city with adobe walls, towers, and twelve gates. The city’s layout featured main streets leading to the center, where the governor’s palace, known as Urda, and the local market were located. While few ancient monuments remain, Margilan is home to several notable sites, including the Complex Pir Siddiq and the Mausoleum of Khoja Magiz, which offer a glimpse into the city’s storied past.
Today, Margilan continues to honor its heritage as a center of silk production and a key player in the Silk Road’s legacy. The city’s silk industry thrives, producing exquisite fabrics that are cherished both locally and internationally. Margilan’s rich history and vibrant culture make it a captivating destination for travelers seeking to explore Uzbekistan’s ancient past and timeless traditions.
