Jizzakh

Nestled at the northern foot of the Nuratau Mountains, in the southern expanse of the Hungry Steppe, alongside the meandering Sanzar River, lies the town of Jizzakh. This ancient settlement has deep historical roots, tracing its origins back to the 10th century when it emerged as a vital staging post along the illustrious Silk Road.

Jizzakh’s geographical setting is truly enchanting. Bordered by the formidable Nurata Mountains on one side, through which the Sanzar River gracefully flows, and the vast expanse of the Hungry Steppe on the other, the town boasts a landscape of extraordinary diversity. This unique amalgamation of natural elements, including shape and climate, has been instrumental in shaping the town’s destiny. The favorable geographical conditions facilitated the establishment of ancient settlements and fortresses, with the remnants of these structures still visible along the Sanzar River.

Jizzakh was undeniably a bustling trade hub on the Silk Road, playing a crucial role in the commerce of the era. In the Middle Ages, the nearby Mirasmand was renowned for its international bazaar, facilitating trade in woolen fabrics, silk textiles, jewelry, metal artifacts, and the prized Ustrushan nephritis. The town’s proximity to the Nuratau Mountains, where iron ore was mined for centuries, has left behind traces of ancient mining sites and settlements.

The name “Jizzakh” finds its roots in the Sogdian language, translating to “fortress” or “small fort,” a fitting description for a town with a resilient history. Referenced in Greek chronicles documenting the exploits of Alexander the Great, Jizzakh emerged in the 10th century as a pivotal stop on the Silk Road. This trade route, essential for Ustrushan nephritis highly coveted in the West, connected the Fergana Valley to Samarkand.

Like many Central Asian cities, Jizzakh weathered numerous conquests but rose from the ashes each time. The Mongol invasion inflicted severe damage, nearly obliterating the town’s fortresses. However, during the reign of Tamerlane, Jizzakh experienced a renaissance and surpassed its former glory. Unfortunately, the conquests of Sheybanikhan during the Mawarannahr campaign once again brought destruction to the town.

The narrowest segment of the Sanzar River gorge, famously known as “Tamerlane’s Gates” or “Djizak Pass,” stands as a picturesque and renowned locale, immortalized in countless photographs by enthralled travelers. This passage hosts both a roadway and a railway, linking Tashkent and Samarkand. Ancient inscriptions in Persian, including those commissioned by Ulugh Beg, the grandson of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), adorn the cliffs.

Today, Jizzakh continues to captivate visitors with its historical charm and natural beauty. The mountain woodlands of Zaamin and Bakhmal, adorned with breathtaking canyons and swift mountain streams, beckon to active tourists and extreme enthusiasts. The juxtaposition of ancient ruins and contemporary allure makes Jizzakh a destination that seamlessly blends the past and the present.