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Itchan-Kala

Itchan-Kala:

A Living Citadel of Khiva's Glorious Past

Nestled within the ancient city of Khiva, Uzbekistan, Itchan-Kala stands as a living testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Central Asia. Enclosed within formidable walls, this historic citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving the architectural marvels and traditions of a bygone era. Let’s embark on a journey through the labyrinthine streets of Itchan-Kala to explore its magnificent monuments, vibrant bazaars, and the echoes of a storied past.

Itchan-Kala, meaning “Inner Town,” dates back to the 6th century when it served as the core of Khiva’s bustling urban life. The city’s strategic location along the Silk Road contributed to its prosperity, attracting traders, scholars, and artisans from far and wide. Over the centuries, Itchan-Kala evolved, witnessing the rise and fall of empires, the flourishing of Islamic culture, and the architectural splendors that continue to captivate visitors today.

In antiquity, Khiva, like many other eastern cities, was divided into three distinct parts: the fortress of Kunya-Ark, the suburb of Dishan-Kala, and the city itself – Itchan-Kala.

Presently, Itchan-Kala stands as an open-air museum, constituting the old quarter of the city, enclosed by walls, and transformed into the State Historical Archaeological Museum. Within the expansive 26-hectare territory, the exotic essence of an Eastern city has been meticulously preserved. Remarkably, Itchan-Kala isn’t a static museum city; it serves as a dwelling for around 300 families, predominantly involved in various crafts.

The protective clay wall, stretching over 2 kilometers in length and measuring up to 10 meters in height with a thickness of 5-6 meters, encircles Itchan-Kala. The city has four gates positioned at each cardinal point. The Western Gate, known as Ata Darwaza, leads to Urgench, the former capital of Khorezm. Gate Bagci points the way to the Amu Darya and further east, while Gate Palvan directs towards the east, and the gate “Tash” leads southward.

Within Itchan-Kala, a tapestry of about 60 historic structures unfolds. Notable among these are the citadel complex Kunya-Ark, the Tash Hauli Palace complex, the resplendent Kalta Minor minaret adorned entirely with glazed tiles, the renowned Juma Mosque featuring 213 intricately carved pillars, and the emblematic Islam-Khoja minaret.

Architectural Marvels:
  1. Kunya-Ark Fortress: The imposing Kunya-Ark Fortress greets visitors at Itchan-Kala’s entrance. Built in the 17th century, it served as the residence of Khiva’s rulers. The fortress’s impressive walls house a treasure trove of historical artifacts, including the Djuma Mosque and the Tosh-Hovli Palace.

  2. Juma Mosque: An architectural gem within Itchan-Kala, the Juma Mosque boasts a forest of intricately carved wooden columns, each with a unique design. This spiritual sanctuary has stood for over a thousand years, witnessing the ebb and flow of worshippers and preserving the essence of Khiva’s Islamic heritage.

  3. Tosh-Hovli Palace: The Tosh-Hovli Palace, or the “Stone House,” unfolds a narrative of opulence and grandeur. With its mosaic-adorned courtyards, ornate rooms, and tranquil gardens, this palace offers a glimpse into the lavish lifestyle of Khiva’s rulers.

  4. Pahlavon Mahmud Mausoleum: Dedicated to the legendary poet, wrestler, and philosopher Pahlavon Mahmud, this mausoleum is a testament to the diverse talents celebrated in Khiva. Its turquoise dome and intricate tilework create a serene atmosphere, inviting reflection on the legacy of this revered figure.

  5. Mohammed Amin Khan Madrasah: A masterpiece of Islamic architecture, this madrasah exemplifies the intricate tilework and geometric patterns characteristic of the region. It stands as a tribute to Mohammed Amin Khan, a prominent leader who left an indelible mark on Khiva’s history.

Local Life and Culture:

Itchan-Kala is not just a museum; it’s a thriving community where traditional crafts, music, and hospitality endure. Visitors can stroll through lively bazaars, where artisans showcase their skills in carpet weaving, pottery, and silk production. The air is filled with the melodies of traditional Khivan music, offering a sensory journey into the heart of Central Asian culture.

Itchan-Kala is a living legacy that seamlessly intertwines the past and present. As you wander through its narrow streets, adorned with azure domes and vibrant tiles, you’ll find yourself immersed in the enchanting tapestry of Khiva’s history. Itchan-Kala invites travelers to explore, reflect, and appreciate the enduring spirit of a city that has withstood the sands of time.