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Nur fortress

The history of the city of Nurata is shrouded in mystery, with its origins likely dating back to a settlement established by nomads. A “kishlak,” or wintering place for nomads, was likely the starting point for the city, given its convenient location on the edge of the desert.

Legend has it that Alexander the Great founded the city during his Eastern campaign in 331 BC, constructing a fortress in a strategically chosen location. This area marked the border between settled tribes cultivating the land and wild nomads roaming the steppes, with mountains in between.

The fortress, part of the Nuratau mountain range, is believed to be one of the oldest structures in Uzbekistan, dating back to the 4th century BC. Named Nur, meaning “Ray” or “Light” in Uzbek, the fortress possibly derived its name from a meteorite that fell in the area, creating a spring known as Chashma, considered sacred for its healing properties.

Access to the Nur Fortress is through the Chasma complex, with a ticket granting entry to explore the ruins. The fortress consisted of an inner town surrounded by walls and towers. A climb up approximately 40 concrete steps leads to the lower level of the fortress ruins, offering vendors selling water and trinkets.

The inner fortress ruins can be reached by a short walk uphill, providing a clear view of the highest point of the fort. The fortress’s eastern edge features a narrow track primarily used for descent, with the track to the right leading to the top. The climb is challenging due to the heat and slippery dirt path but offers rewarding views of the city and a sense of its history.

The descent should be done using the path to the far right, where the shape of the buttresses and fort walls are still visible. Built in 327 AD by Alexander after capturing the area, the fort was named Nur. The ancient karez water system, which carried water from the mountains several kilometers away, is no longer visible but testifies to the fine construction methods used.

Near the Chasma complex are two tombs, one possibly belonging to a general in Alexander’s army. The town of Nurata was captured by Genghis Khan in 1220, who spared the lives of its inhabitants. Nurata’s strategic importance is further highlighted by the presence of another city, Nautaca, near the area, and the fort in Termez, which is on the border with Afghanistan.

Overall, the Nur Fortress, while mostly reduced to mud walls, remains an intriguing site for those interested in archaeology, offering extensive views over the surrounding desert. A visit to the complex can be easily arranged through shared taxis from Navoi, with return taxis usually available at the gate. Other attractions nearby include two parks and a monument dedicated to a sorrowful mother.