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Barak-Khan Madrasah

The Barak-khan Madrasah is one of the most outstanding historical and architectural monuments located in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Founded during the 16th century, under the rule of the Shaybanid dynasty, the madrasah reflects the rich architectural heritage and cultural traditions of the Timurid period that left a significant imprint on Central Asian Islamic architecture. This educational institution was part of the larger Kukeldash Madrasah complex, which included other prominent religious buildings.

The Barak-khan Madrasah was constructed between 1530 and 1532 by Navruz Ahmad Khan, who was also known by the nickname Barak Khan (Barak meaning “Blessed”), and hence the name. The madrasah was built on the site of the mausoleum of Kaffal Shashi, a respected Islamic scholar and saint, enhancing the site’s religious significance.

The madrasah is characterized by traditional Islamic architecture with regional influences:

  • Façade and Portal: The exterior façade demonstrates the grandeur typical of Islamic educational institutions, with its prominent iwan (a vaulted open room) leading to the entrance, which is adorned with intricate tile work and Arabic calligraphy.

  • Courtyard: Like many madrasahs, it is built around a central courtyard, which provided a serene atmosphere for study and contemplation. Rooms for students and teachers are arrayed around this courtyard.

  • Domes and Minarets: The structure is famous for its blue-tiled domes and towering minarets that accentuate its divine purpose and complement the azure sky of Tashkent.

  • Decoration: The interior and exterior walls are ornately decorated with majolica tiles, gilding, and carved stone or wood. Each element displays superb craftsmanship indicative of a rich cultural period in Tashkent’s history.

Originally designed as a place for Islamic education where scholars and students could engage in the study of religious sciences, the Barak-khan Madrasah has served various functions over time, including:

  • As a religious school where Islamic law, the Quran, hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), and other branches of Islamic knowledge were taught.
  • After the Russian conquest of Tashkent in the 19th century, its religious role diminished, and it saw alternate uses.
  • In the Soviet era, many religious institutions were closed down or repurposed, and the Barak-khan Madrasah was no exception.
  • Post-Soviet independence witnessed a revival of religious and cultural identity in Uzbekistan, leading to the restoration of many historical sites.

Current Status

Today, the Barak-khan Madrasah is part of a larger architectural complex called Khast Imam (also spelled Hast-Imam), which is located in the old town sector of Tashkent. This complex has become the religious center of Tashkent and includes several other significant buildings, like the Tillya Sheikh Mosque and the Mausoleum of Kaffal Shashi, and it houses a rich library that includes the Uthman Quran, believed to be one of the oldest extant copies of the Quran in the world.

The Barak-khan Madrasah is a must-visit site for those interested in Uzbek history and Islamic architecture. It allows visitors to glimpse:

  • The religious and educational practices of the past.
  • The artisanship of Timurid architecture and decoration.
  • Modern Uzbekistan’s commitment to preserving its historical treasures.

Given its cultural and historical value, Barak-khan Madrasah remains an essential piece in Uzbekistan’s efforts to foster tourism and promote its rich heritage. Its preservation and presentation to visitors speak volumes about the pride Uzbek people take in their storied past. For those planning to visit, it’s advisable to check for visitor hours and potentially join a guided tour to enrich the experience with detailed historical context and insights.

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