Independence Square (Mustaqillik Maydoni) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, is one of the city’s most significant public spaces and is considered the heart of the nation. As the central square of the country’s capital, it has been a focal point for public life and has witnessed many of the key events in Uzbekistan’s history.
Historical Background
Before 1865, not far from this place there was a palace of Kokand khan. In 1865 the Kokand khanate was liquidated and by order of the Russian administration and the construction of a residence for a Turkestan Governor-General began next to it. Later, this residence with a vast garden was named the White House. In the colonial period a wappenshaw was held on its ground before the General-Governor’s residence.
Originally known as Cathedral Square during the pre-Soviet era, the area was the site of a cathedral church. When the Bolsheviks took over control in the early 20th century, its religious significance was downplayed. The square has been renovated and renamed several times to reflect the political and social changes in the region.
In the Soviet era, it was known as Lenin Square, featuring a statue of Vladimir Lenin. It became a place for military parades, national celebrations, and various political gatherings in line with the Soviet administration.
After Uzbekistan gained independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the square was renamed Independence Square. The statue of Lenin was taken down, and a Monument of Independence was erected, symbolizing the new era of the Uzbek nation.
Independence Square today is the largest city square in Uzbekistan, boasting extensive, well-maintained walkways, greenery, and fountains. It is now surrounded by key government buildings, museums, and other important civic monuments, including:
The Independence Monument: A large bronze globe symbolizing the independent state of Uzbekistan. At the base of the monument is a mother with a baby, a symbol of the future of the Uzbek nation.
The Memorial to the Victims of Repression: Located close to Independence Square, it’s a poignant reminder of the struggles against colonial and Soviet rule, commemorating those who suffered under different regimes.
The Eternal Flame: Part of the monument complex, the Eternal Flame honors the soldiers who died during World War II, and it is watched over by the “Motherland” monument, a female figure representing the mother of those who never returned from the war.
Cultural and Governmental Significance
Independence Square serves as the location for state and military parades, important festivals, and public holiday celebrations. It is also a recreational space where residents and visitors can enjoy the landscaped gardens and take a contemplative stroll.
Government offices and various other administrative buildings flank the square, underscoring its role as a hub of political power. The area surrounding Independence Square also includes the Uzbek Senate, the Cabinet of Ministers, and several ministries and agencies.
For visitors, Independence Square is a must-visit location. It offers insight into the country’s past, present, and future aspirations. Tour guides often recommend it as a starting point for getting to know Tashkent. Photo opportunities abound, not only due to the square’s impressive landscapes and architectural sights but also because of its symbolic meanings.
When visiting Independence Square, it is advisable to respect any ceremonial activities taking place, especially since the square and its monuments hold a deeply significant place in the hearts of Uzbeks.
Independence Square in Tashkent is more than just an open city space; it’s an embodiment of Uzbekistan’s journey through time—from Tsarist rule to Soviet governance, and finally to the independent republic that stands today. It preserves historical memories while providing a canvas for creating new ones in the evolving story of the Uzbek nation.
